<hdr>The World Factbook 1994: Rwanda<nl>Economy</hdr><body>
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<item><hi format=bold>Overview:</hi> Almost 50% of GDP comes from the agricultural sector; coffee and tea make up 80-90% of total exports. The amount of fertile land is limited, however, and deforestation and soil erosion have created problems. The industrial sector in Rwanda is small, contributing only 17% to GDP. Manufacturing focuses mainly on the processing of agricultural products. The Rwandan economy remains dependent on coffee/tea exports and foreign aid. Weak international prices since 1986 have caused the economy to contract and per capita GDP to decline. A structural adjustment program with the World Bank began in October 1990. Ethnic-based insurgency in 1990-93 devastated wide areas of the north and displaced hundreds of thousands of people. A peace accord in mid-1993 temporarily ended most of the fighting, but massive resumption of civil warfare in April 1994 in the capital city Kigali has been taking thousands of lives and severely damaging short-term economic prospects
<item><hi format=bold>National product:</hi> GDP—purchasing power equivalent—$6.8 billion (1993 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>National product real growth rate:</hi> 1.3% (1992 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>National product per capita:</hi> $800 (1993 est.)
<item>• <hi format=ital>partners:</hi> Germany, Belgium, Italy, Uganda, UK, France, US
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<item><hi format=bold>Imports:</hi> $259.5 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
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<item>• <hi format=ital>commodities:</hi> textiles, foodstuffs, machines and equipment, capital goods, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material
<item>• <hi format=ital>partners:</hi> US, Belgium, Germany, Kenya, Japan
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<item><hi format=bold>External debt:</hi> $845 million (1991 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Industrial production:</hi> growth rate -2.2% (1991); accounts for 17% of GDP
<item><hi format=bold>Electricity:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>capacity:</hi> 30,000 kW
<item>• <hi format=ital>production:</hi> 130 million kWh
<item>• <hi format=ital>consumption per capita:</hi> 15 kWh (1991)
<item><hi format=bold>Agriculture:</hi> accounts for almost 50% of GDP and about 90% of the labor force; cash crops—coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums); main food crops—bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; stock raising; self-sufficiency declining; country imports foodstuffs as farm production fails to keep up with a 2.8% annual growth in population
<item><hi format=bold>Economic aid:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>recipient:</hi> US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $128 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $45 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $58 million
<item>• <hi format=ital>note:</hi> in October 1990 Rwanda launched a Structural Adjustment Program with the IMF; since September 1991, the EC has given $46 million and the US $25 million in support of this program (1993)
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<item><hi format=bold>Currency:</hi> 1 Rwandan franc (RF)=100 centimes